AND
1. = also of same kind e/je:
peinos e rapan, law and order
butou je gotou, men and women
aleuhat e tarumat, salt and pepper
oumas e niapesya, knife and fork
ava e abu, you and I (lit., I and you)
Marnu isdiá sabri, ibei e cahi.
A big, fat and round fish.
Nuni megauqei esouqira yole sescyudi teutovun e yole
anresoda e majuaqqa.
The quality peculiar to mankind (which is) called justice.
The particle e (je is an optional pluraliser) links words
-- nouns or adjectives -- that belong together in a list or series, or relative clauses
where the latter adds to the sense of the preceding adjectival phrase. (The word preceding
e is not set off with a comma.) The order may be reversed without loss of meaning,
although habit may determine order. Generally, derived nouns appear as the second element
(e.g., oumas e niapesya).
2. = also of different kind busai:
Viqú bouaindi armin busai lourda e ni tuhuda.
Please try on the shirt and see if it fits.
evon:
Vaqabda pilaibboni evon didi nunieni armin.
I went to the shop and bought this shirt.
zau:
Vaqabda pileibboni busai bouaindi nuni armin evon
didiyo zau qabda jounaboni.
I went to the shop and tried on the shirt and bought
it
and then went to the cinema.
The particle busai links conjunctive phrases in the first
instance; evon (and then), in the first or second, and zau (and
then), in the third or following.
3. = in the company of gasta:
ava gasta abu, you and I (lit., I with
you)
Mary gasta Yves, Mary and Yves
Simpson gasta ayoi ledounsyen, Simpson and his
donkey
The particle gasta, properly a preposition, links people -- and
less usually, people and animals, or even inanimate objects -- recognised as a couple or
unit.
4. = and yet aqouga:
Yolipalesubdi avi nar; aqouga, ayo vayole xayaris.
He stole my money and yet he's a nice person.
5. = with ingredients -o:
sqoyot didono, bread and butter (lit., bread
with butter)
bacat giricyo, bacon and eggs (lit., eggs
with bacon)
The prepositional case -o is used in cases where one item is
considered an ingredient or added extra to the main item.
6. = therefore ji:
Gabehiaris muhausda, ji rah gabehda.
The match is damp and (therefore) won't light.
7. = one and the same dayole:
Avi esnula dayole urabis.
My friend and neighbor (i.e., same
person)
8. = plus aspeu(ga -u):
Yabnu aspeu yabnu asendi meinu.
Yabnu aspeuga yabnú asendi meinu.
Two and two make four.
9. = difference dus qudou:
Syasyalat vas, dus qudou syasyalat vas.
There are wines and there are wines.
10. = between . . . and ya:
ya abu ya ava, between you and me
11. = comparative of gradation pevi pevu:
xayari pevi pevu, better and better
zepiri pevi pevu, thicker and thicker
airecocyi pevi pevu, more and more jaded
12. = repeatedly usyi usyu: Yolesqasyada usyi usyu.
He knocked and knocked.
13. = over space or time haunta . . . jame:
Yoneyanatti ayoi qabron haunta Meyla jame.
He drove for miles and miles.
Yolaguanatti biran haunta vonja jame.
He listened to music for hours and hours.
14. = introductory link (eher):
Qab(da eher) sqoudi aret!
Go (and) open the door!
U vir(da eher) uzeutta!
Wait and see!
U uma pesqou eher qessoda!
Lie down and relax!
No link is needed between common verbs, where the first verb, often of
motion, is introducing the second; alternatively, eher (in order to/that)
may be used where the idea of purpose is present.
15. Additional notes:
(a) No conjunction is used in numbers:
teqou yanpou, a hundred and sixty
meinu cannu meluna, four and three quarters
(b) The expression "and/or" is rendered by i . .
. i yos:
heniaris i zivosiaris i yos, pen and/or pencil
(c) The expression "without . . . and" is rendered by uzeus
. . . i:
Pu yomouda gan uzeus laqut i abit.
He lived there without electricity and gas.
(d) The expression "now and then" is rendered by (ai)
qisi qiyou:
Sabaguandi yaun srova ai qisi qiyou.
I heard bird sounds now and then.
ANEW
